(NL)Chasing Unlimited Economic Growth

Extending the Kubernetes API: A Comprehensive Guide to CRDs


If you’re coding in JavaScript, chances are you’ve come across the need to merge two or more arrays. And while there's no one-size-fits-all approach to combining arrays, there are a few different ways you can go about it.

In this article, we'll be talking about five easy ways to use JavaScript to merge multiple arrays into one. We'll break down each method with examples and codes for each, so by the time you're finished reading, you'll have a clear understanding of which methods work best for your project.

Let's dive in!

## What Is Array Merging?

So, you're thinking of merging arrays in JavaScript? Great! You have a few options for how to do this, which we'll cover later on. But first, let's dive into exactly what array merging means.

Array merging is the process of combining separate arrays into one single array. It's an incredibly useful task when coding because it allows you to join data from two or more different sources, giving your program more flexibility and power.

For example, you could use array merging to combine a list of employee names with a list of their respective departments.

In the end, you'd have one unified array that contains all the relevant information about that particular team.

## Merging arrays using the Spread Operator

The Spread Operator is one of the easiest ways to merge two arrays in JavaScript. It takes elements from the second array and adds them to the first, creating a new merged object. To do this, you just need to use this syntax:

```javascript
const newArray = [...arrayOne, ...arrayTwo];
```

This method works best if your arrays have only simple values like strings or numbers - it won't work with objects or nested arrays. But it's a great tool for quickly concatenating two arrays without having to loop through each element.

Plus, you can use as many arrays as you like - just add as many spread operators as you need!

## Merging arrays using the `concat()` method

When it comes to merging arrays in JavaScript, one of the most popular and versatile methods is to use the `concat()` method. All you need to do is pass in two array parameters, and they'll be merged together into a single array. You can also pass in more than two arrays, and they will all be merged together.

Here's what the syntax looks like:

```js
var array1 = [1,2,3];

var array2 = [4,5,6];

var mergedArray = array1.concat(array2);

console.log(mergedArray); 

// Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
```

Keep in mind that you can also combine nested arrays with the `concat()` method. This is especially useful if you're dealing with two-dimensional arrays or more complex objects with multiple properties. Here's an example of how to combine a nested array:

```javascript
var array1 = [[4], [6], [11]];
var array2 = [[3], [7], [18]];
var mergedArray = array1.concat(array2);

console.log(mergedArray); // Output: [[4], [6], [11], [3], [7], [18]]
```

## Merging arrays using the `forEach()` method

Apart from the popular methods discussed above, you can also use the `forEach()` method to merge arrays. What is the `forEach()` method? Put simply, it's a special type of loop that cycles through the array and calls a callback function on each item in the array.

```js
const arr1 = [1, 2, 3];
const arr2 = [4, 5, 6];

const mergedArr = [];

arr1.forEach(item => {
  mergedArr.push(item);
});

arr2.forEach(item => {
  mergedArr.push(item);
});

console.log(mergedArr); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
```

We create two arrays `arr1` and `arr2`, and then we create an empty array `mergedArr` to hold the merged elements. We then use two separate `forEach()` loops to push the elements from `arr1` and `arr2` into `mergedArr`.

Finally, we log the `mergedArr` array to the console, which contains all the elements from both arrays.

## Merging arrays using `reduce()` method

The fifth and final way to merge arrays in JavaScript is by using the reduce() method. It’s quite powerful but also a bit complex, so if you want to learn more about it check out this guide.

The `reduce()`` method takes in two parameters:
- a callback, and
- an initial value.

The initial value is optional and it is what the accumulator will begin with when the method is called on an array.

The accumulator loops through each of the elements in the array and runs your callback function on each element, then stores the result until the loop is complete, giving you a single output (the merged array).

For example, let’s say we have two arrays that we want to merge:

```javascript
let arr1 = [1, 2, 3];
let arr2 = [4, 5];
```

To merge these two arrays using reduce(), we can do this:

```javascript
let mergedArray = [...arr1,...arr2].reduce(function(a,b) {return a.concat(b);}, []);

//output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

```

As you can see here our initial value is `[]`, which means our accumulator will be empty when the loop begins and then add elements as it goes through each one.

## Conclusion

So there you have it - five easy ways to merge arrays in JavaScript. Now you have the tools to quickly and easily combine two or more arrays into one, so you can more effectively manage and organize your data.

Ultimately, merging arrays can be a great way to **save you time** and prevent errors.

If you’re ever in doubt when it comes to merging arrays, refer back to this guide for an easy-to-follow, step-by-step guide for merging arrays in JavaScript.

5 ways to merge arrays in JavaScript (easy)



Calling all aspiring designers out there—we’ve got some awesome news for you! If you want to get your start in the world of design but don’t know where to begin, then YouTube is your golden ticket. That's right—it's possible to learn the intricacies of design from the comfort of your own home.

With so many resources available, it can be tough to find the best YouTube channels for learning design. 

That’s why we’re here to lend a helping hand! In this article, we're sharing our top 10+ picks for some of the best YouTube channels geared toward helping designers learn all about design. From tutorials on typography basics to graphics designing and beyond, these channels are sure to have something for everyone.

But before moving on to the resources let me share with you [600+ Free Designer Resources](https://learnn.cc/design) 

![free design resources](https://miro.medium.com/max/720/1*pfP9oxsjDRHNMF8FS-- GYQ.webp)

-- -

###	Design Course

![Design Course Youtube Channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176537/53e4604a-8014-4a7a-ac9c-4f70f6fd725f_qggdfu.png)

Gary has created more than 100 courses in the Graphic Design Category. 

Visit --  https://www.youtube.com/c/designcourse/

###	Design Pilot

![Design Pilot Youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176557/c3821646-6080-4e2c-afe8-23595ea2a322_trrvyu.png)

Get ready to learn Product Design like never before! Hey! I'm Chethan, a self-taught product designer from India, currently in Berlin, Germany.

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCt0L4zh1nkUKz36L8PsgCGw/

###	Femke Design
![Femke Design](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176579/83da1ac9-2351-4bc6-a1b9-3b376d1bddf0_tafjmg.png)

Femke is a Senior Product Designer in British Columbia, Canada working in tech. On this channel i'll be sharing my learnings and experience being a designer, which will cover everything from UX Design to User Research, Prototyping and Product. 

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWUGGwfTfJ0-2jUS3dZqOJA

###	The Futur

![the futur youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176614/737283bc-f09c-4161-8154-c5d752ad5fa8_sgmrxy.png)

Our mission is to teach 1 billion people how to make a living doing what they love. #1BminusOne
Private art school without the debt. The Futur focuses on 5 main topics: Mindset, Marketing, Sales & Negotiations, Pricing & Motivation. For design related content, visit our sister channel The Futur Academy on YouTube.

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-b3c7kxa5vU-bnmaROgvog/

###	Mark Rise
![Mark rise youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176628/b71bf77a-6077-45b6-b5d2-1a4e1017878d_wawd5k.png)

"Their mission is to teach 1 billion people how to make a living doing what they love. #1BminusOne
Private art school without the debt. The Futur focuses on 5 main topics: Mindset, Marketing, Sales & Negotiations, Pricing & Motivation. For design related content, visit our sister channel The Futur Academy on YouTube."

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX4mqbvv5lGqLpI4FYlJt4w/

###	CharliMarieTV
![chaliemarie tv youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176659/a981e094-1c23-4557-b433-a61e62025e31_qhjzq1.png)

Hey there! She is Charli, and she is a web & graphic designer who’s passionate about helping creative professionals increase their worth by improving their craft and process. She post design videos about tools, projects, and concepts as well as vlogs of my life as a designer.

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCScRSwdX0t31gjk3MYXIuYQ/

###	Yes I’m a Designer
![yes I am designer youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176678/89c131b3-473a-44a8-9460-f0ab9f38780a_djkfwp.png)

Martin Perhiniak is a Certified Adobe Design Master and Instructor. He was voted to be one of the top 10 Adobe instructors in the world by student feedback in 2015. In his online courses besides the technical knowledge you need, Martin will also teach you a lot about design principles, compositional techniques and plenty of best practices that he picked up and developed while working as a designer and retoucher on projects such as Pixar’s Cars and Toy Story, BBC’s Dr Who or Mattel’s Team Hot Wheels.

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCT_of6HCtVZFpnnnLUeAGYA/  

###	The Simple Designers

![The Simple Designers youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176718/53be04e4-b0e0-4355-9aa0-7f7401a12462_dx1gbt.png)

Welcome to The Simple Designers,a YouTube Channel dedicated for graphic design tutorials.

Our mission is to share design videos that engage, inspire and, ultimately, connect designers together. We do this by sharing Adobe Illustrator Design & Illustration Tutorials Design process videos, Creative challenges, and showcasing other talented creators."

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU3feytkHYYS2CoIZKsSMlA/

###	Will Paterson

![will patersn youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176718/62967f07-6954-45b4-ba75-82869e5543de_pugeun.png)

Will Paterson make your Graphic Design journey easier by teaching you things you may not know as well as sharpening your skills. You can expect the following types of videos on my channel;

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIp9sEZiv36cDG7cEnrVU7Q/

###	Matt Borchert
![matt borchert youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176770/0964286e-fb20-42a4-ac8d-5b81cec2f229_x1ovvv.png)

This channel is here to help you learn about design and technology! Matt Borchert has worked for many years as a designer and now work as a technology researcher. He spend my time looking for interesting things to show you that you'll hopefully gain a lot of value learning about. 

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC34_SxzRr7FOYdKfjLpVBzw/

###	Swerve Tutorials

![swerve tutorials youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176772/b04345c5-9831-4d5d-87f9-131fb63c7ad0_mxzqel.png)

Swerve®, Graphic Design Tutorials & Inspiration for new Designers; Learn how to use Photoshop & Illustrator. Logo Design, Techniques, Product Design and Illustrations.

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9kxpA_FHEsXX1xWMb-Egow

###	Chunbuns
![chunbuns youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176818/a4f87f6a-7422-4e90-b6d5-72b5778433d5_v0yw2h.png)

Hello! I’m a full-time Product Designer and content creator based in SF. I use my social media platforms to share my experience and knowledge in hopes of making design education more accessible and to empower others to live up to their own creative potential.

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/c/chunbuns/featured/   

###	Tyler Moore	

![Tyler Moore youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176819/fdb7e3e1-5159-4a47-90a3-2f113a0f921d_ckm11x.png)

His free video lessons teach people how to create their own professional website without any coding experience. All tutorials are step-by-step with no step skipped. 

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/user/Conutant/featured/

###	Maddy Beard	
![Maddy Beard Youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176881/f7ee68a4-2946-4ab1-afa7-6c2cd66e87b7_fkreyp.png)

My free video lessons teach people how to create their own professional website without any coding experience. All tutorials are step-by-step with no step skipped. 

Visit --  https://www.youtube.com/user/123Madster/

###	PHLEARN	
![PHLEAR youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176890/59f24bf4-e3c3-42e5-b3ed-c5ee1121b5e4_eg7oph.png)

We’ve been teaching Photoshop for over 10 years, with a new free tutorial released every week!
Explore our extensive catalog of free tutorials and learn Photoshop today!


Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/user/PhlearnLLC/

###	KnowYourMac
![KnowYourMac youtube channell](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176924/dec963f6-f21f-4b79-a79f-afaca45e7144_ojwuq8.png)

The one channel to find everything you need to really Know Your Mac.

Also, if you are suffering from laziness or Couch Potato disease, making it uncomfortable for you to reach all the way over to the subscribe button.

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/user/KnowYourMac/featured/

###	Satori Graphics
![Satori Graphics  ](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176928/5f93274f-b5c8-4c15-b460-824bf08e673c_iwkg2z.png)

Welcome to Satori Graphics®, the home of graphic design content right here on Youtube. Channels aim is to help you become the best designer that you can be, with comprehensive graphic design tutorials across the Adobe Creative Suite (mainly Adobe Illustrator)

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoeJKtPJLoIBqWq4o8TDLpA/

###	99designs	
![99designs youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176978/55593810-9bbd-4adc-b5ac-2b55eaf8465e_eqixbz.png)

99designs by Vista is the global creative platform that makes it easy for designers and clients to work together online. It’s never been easier to collaborat...

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/user/99designs/

###	Mizko
![Mizko youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176980/28207903-28ad-47e3-bac2-7cec010e8feb_c7rvup.png)

Mizko dive deep into design, growth and business in loose sweats and ripped jeans.

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/c/mizko/

###	Jesse Showalter	
![Jesse Showalter youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176981/777f45c3-b694-4539-8e69-cbb518e1ffd7_eeuerq.png)

Jesse Showalter shares Digital Design & Web Development videos each week focusing on tools, techniques, projects, and more to help creative people make amazing things. 

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvBGFeXbBrq3W9_0oNLJREQ/

###	Flux Academy
![Flux Academy Youtube channel](https://res.cloudinary.com/rahulism/image/upload/v1676176982/da4662b9-8a93-4981-a5b3-0f3abfee23dc_yoxbhs.png)

Learn the Art & Business of Web Design - Create a successful and fulfilling career as a freelance web designer. We'll teach you the in-demand skills you need to get there.

Visit -- https://www.youtube.com/c/FluxWithRanSegall/

---

## Conclusion

Learning design isn't easy, but with the right resources, you can become pro. With this list of the 21+ Best YouTube channels for Designer in 2023, you now have the knowledge and resources to hone your design craft and take it to the next level.

Not only do these YouTube channels serve as a great way to learn design, they are also great sources of inspiration. By getting regular content from the channels and engaging with the community, you can stay up to date on the latest design trends and get inspired to create your own work.

Happy designing and creating!

21+ Best YouTube channels for Designers in 2023


Have you ever run into a problem when trying to run “npm start”? If so, you’re certainly not the only one. It can be incredibly frustrating when the command you think will execute your node application fails.

Fortunately, you can get “npm start” working again—and this guide will show you how.

Whether you encounter errors such as “Error: spawn UNKNOWN,” “Error: ENOENT,” or some other mysterious message, I'll cover all the common problems and help you troubleshoot them step-by-step.

By following this guide, not only will you fix your issue but also gain a deeper understanding of [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/), [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/), and the CLI. So don't give up hope yet!

Let's get started and have npm start working in no time.

## What Is NPM and Why Is NPM Start Not Working?

Have you ever seen the error message, "npm start not working"? If so, you’re not alone! NPM or Node Package Manager is a platform for managing JavaScript packages and libraries. It’s an essential part of many web development frameworks such as React, Angular, and Vue.

So why is npm start not working? The answer can vary.

Sometimes it’s the result of a bad connection or missing files, while other times it could indicate incorrect versioning or that the [wrong version of Node](https://www.knowledgehut.com/blog/web-development/installing-managing-nodejs-using-nvm) was installed.

If you're having trouble figuring out what your problem is, here are some common causes to consider and how to solve them.

## Checking File Paths and Permissions

If you’ve tried running “npm start” and nothing has happened, it might help to check the file paths and permissions of the application. This can be done by going into your project directory in the command line and running “ls -l”.

This will show the list of items inside the directory, along with their permissions settings. Make sure that all items have read/write permission, otherwise attempting to run “npm start” will throw an error.

It is also possible that you may be in the wrong directory when running “npm start”. Make sure that you are in the root folder of your project when you run this command.

You can check which directory you are currently IN by typing “pwd”. If you have multiple projects open, ensure that you have selected your intended one before running the command.

## Resolving NPM Shrinkwrap Issues

Sometimes, npm start may not work because of an issue with your `package-lock.json` or your `npm-shrinkwrap.json` files, which are files that contain a fixed set of details about a package's dependencies and versions.

### package-lock.json

A **package-lock.json** file is generated when you install packages and it details all the versions of your packages and their respective dependencies.

It ensures that the same version of a package is installed when you install other packages within the same project.

### npm-shrinkwrap.json

An npm-shrinkwrap.json file is similar to a package-lock in that it locks down specific versions of packages and their respective dependencies, but it’s only generated if you run `npm shrinkwrap`.

This command essentially takes your current project state and locks down all of its packages and their versions regardless to what’s in your package-lock, so it essentially overrides what was there before running the command.

Therefore, you might be missing certain packages because outdated shrinkwrap is in place due to running `npm shrinkwrap` at some point with no updates thereafter, resulting in npm start not working as intended due to missing packages or outdated dependencies.

To resolve these issues, you need to delete both the npm-shrinkwrap and the package-lock files from your project directory, then run `npm install` or `yarn` followed by `npm start` or `yarn start`.

## Is the Problem Specific to a Package or Project?

Before you start working on a solution, it's useful to determine whether the problem is related to a specific package or project. If it is, you'll want to focus your detective work on that particular codebase.

There are a few routes you can take to figure this out:

1. Check the `package.json` file for any dependencies that might be causing the issue.

2. Run `npm list` on your terminal and look at all of the installed packages in your project folders.

3. See if the error occurs when running a different project folder; if it does, that could mean that it's related to your Node environment instead of just the package or project itself.

If you think you've found the source of the problem, try and do some further research into what's causing it by looking online and in Stack Overflow threads.

There are plenty of other people who have likely encountered and resolved this issue before, so take some time to find out what worked for them!

## Disabling ignore-scripts

Do you know what else could be interfering with your `npm start` command?

It could be the npm configuration setting `ignore-scripts` which, when enabled, ignores all of the scripts defined in your project's package.json file. So if you've enabled it, it may not run `npm start`.

The good news is that you can easily disable this setting so you can use your `npm start` command. All you need to do is enter this command in the terminal:

```js
npm config set ignore-scripts false

```

Once it's disabled, try running your `npm start` command again and see if it works. Hopefully this fixes the issue!

## Conclusion
Despite npm start not working being a seemingly daunting problem, it is in fact an easy one to solve. Npm start is an essential part of the development process, and learning the solutions regarding the issue can come in handy when faced with the same problem in the future.

We’ve discussed the possible reasons for **npm start not working** and discussed solutions for each of them. We hope that now you have a good understanding of how to find and fix npm start not working issues.

Remember, a bit of research and a few fixes can go a long way in resolving npm start-related problems.

npm start Not Working? Here is What You Need to Do


The useState hook is an important part of React and helps you keep your code organized and simple. It is a built-in feature of React that helps to manage state, or data, without having to use classes. 

So, what exactly is the useState Hook?

Essentially, the useState Hook allows you to create a variable inside a function component—a piece of code that modifies one or more values in the application state we call "state."

So, for example, if our application has a list of items, we can use the useState Hook to add a new item to this list. The same goes for modifying existing items in our list or deleting them.

In short, the React useState Hook makes it easier for developers to maintain complex application states by:

- Allowing them to keep track of the changes made to their state in an organized fashion.

- Making it easier for them to update their app's data in real time as changes are made.

- Allowing them to access their app's data from any part of their code.

## What Does the useState Hook Do?

Curious about the useState hook in React?

It's an incredibly powerful tool - and quite simple to use, once you understand how it works. In a nutshell, useState lets you easily manage the state or data of your application. It's a way for you to store and update information in your components.

Let's put this into context.

Imagine that you're building an app that displays a random phrase when users click a button. You can use `useState` to store the phrase, and when users click the button your app can update the displayed phrase with a new one.

This is just one example of how useState can be used - it's a versatile tool that can help declutter your code and make it more organized.

To start using the useState hook, all you need to do is write this line of code:

`const [dataName, setDataName] = useState(initialValue)`.

The single parameter (the dataName) lets you name your state variable and set its initial value, so that your app has access to this data every time it renders.

In other words, React’s useState function lets you handle virtually any kind of state data with ease - giving you more control over how and when data is managed in your components!

## When to Use the useState Hook

So, when would you use the useState hook?

The useState hook can be used to store bits of data in your React application.

It's perfect for storing data that is going to change, such as a user's name or a boolean value that indicates whether something is true or false.

It's also useful if you want to keep track of data that's going to be constantly updated, like a shopping list.

The best part about the useState hook is that it's versatile, and you can use it in almost all types of React components and applications.

Here are some examples of situations where you might want to utilize the useState hook:

1. A [functional component](https://rahulism.hashnode.dev/what-are-react-functional-components) in which you want to keep track of the user’s input

2. A [class component](https://www.w3schools.com/react/react_class.asp) in which you need to update a variable’s value over time

3. A [higher-order component](https://hackernoon.com/higher-order-components-hoc-in-react-beginners-guide-2l13335m) – which wraps other components – in which you need to store some values

4. An application with a dynamic user interface, such as an e-commerce store or blogging platform

Remember: if you're looking for an easy way to store and update data in your React application, the useState hook is exactly what you need!

## How to Use the useState Hook

When you want to introduce state values in your React apps, you use the powerful `useState()` hook.

This is a built-in Hook that lets you manage and update state values in your function components.

You can think of useState as a way to add mutable data to a function component and to make that data accessible across multiple React components.

Using the `useState` hook gives you more flexibility than class-based solutions and makes it easier to separate code into small isolated units of functionality.

Using the useState Hook is pretty straightforward.

First, you need to declare the initial state value in the parameter of the `useState` function (you can also pass an object if you want).

Then, call this same function within your component like so:

```javascript
const [stateValue, setStateValue] = useState('initialValue')
```

This will then return two pieces of information:

1. a current state value and
2. a function that updates this value (this is called the `setter`).

Once we have this, we can access our state with our `stateValue` and modify it using the `setState` setter.

To access or change our state within our React app, all we need to do is call these two functions wherever necessary.

Pretty simple! Plus, this same concept applies to objects or arrays too!

## Working With Arrays and Objects in useState

Now that you know how to work with primitive values, let's learn how useState helps us manage more complex data types like arrays and objects.

This is an important skill to have when building React applications!

When working with arrays and objects in useState, we don't actually update the existing state directly.

Instead, we make a copy of it using array/object methods like `map()`, `slice()`, or `Object.assign()`.

Let's explore how to do this step-by-step:

### Updating Array State With useState

To update an array state using useState, you should make a copy of the existing state and update it with the new values.

```js

import { useState } from 'react';

function App() {
  const [items, setItems] = useState([]);

  const handleClick = () => {
    const newItem = 'Item ' + (items.length + 1);
    setItems([...items, newItem]);
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={handleClick}>Add Item</button>
      <ul>
        {items.map(item => <li key={item}>{item}</li>)}
      </ul>
    </div>
  );
}
```

Above, we start with an empty array as the initial state using useState. We define a handleClick function that creates a new item with a name based on the current length of the items array, and then updates the state using **setItems**.

The spread operator is used to create a new array with the existing items and the new item added to the end.

Finally, we render the items array using the map function.

#### Updating Object State With useState

Similarly to updating an array state with useState, updating an object state also requires making a copy of the existing state and updating it with the new values.

```js
import { useState } from 'react';

function App() {
  const [person, setPerson] = useState({ name: 'John', age: 30 });

  const handleClick = () => {
    setPerson({ ...person, age: person.age + 1 });
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <p>{person.name} is {person.age} years old</p>
      <button onClick={handleClick}>Increase Age</button>
    </div>
  );
}
```

In this example, we start with an object containing the name and age properties as the initial state using useState. We define a handleClick function that updates the state using **setPerson**.

The [spread operator](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_syntax) is used to create a new object with the existing properties and the updated age property.

Finally, we render the person object properties in a paragraph tag and a button to increase the age.

## Common Problems When Using useState

Using the React useState hook can be tricky, but don't worry!

Here are some of the most common issues that beginners have when using useState, and how to fix them.

### Managing Multiple State Variables

If you have multiple state variables, managing them can be confusing. If your state variables rely on each other's values, it can quickly become a mess when you need to update them.

The best approach is to have one object that stores all the data in one place. This way, when you need to make changes, it will easier to keep track of your state variables.

```js
import { useState } from 'react';

function App() {
  const [formData, setFormData] = useState({ name: '', email: '', password: '' });

  const handleInputChange = (event) => {
    const { name, value } = event.target;
    setFormData({ ...formData, [name]: value });
  };

  const handleSubmit = (event) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    // Submit form data
  };

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
      <input type="text" name="name" value={formData.name} onChange={handleInputChange} />
      <input type="email" name="email" value={formData.email} onChange={handleInputChange} />
      <input type="password" name="password" value={formData.password} onChange={handleInputChange} />
      <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </form>
  );
}
```

In this example, we have a form that collects the user's name, email, and password. Instead of managing these state variables separately, we use an object called `formData` to store all the data in one place.

We define a `handleInputChange` function that updates the `formData` object with the new values when the user types something into the input fields.

The `handleSubmit` function is called when the user submits the form, and it can access all the form data from the `formData` object.

### Not Initializing State Variable Values

The React useState hook requires an initial value in the first argument when declaring a state variable.

When using useState in a component, if you don’t provide this initial value, it will cause an error and your component won’t render.

Make sure that your useState statement always includes an appropriate initial value for your state variable.

### Mixing up State with Other Variables

Using the React useState hook does not require any particular naming conventions for your variables – however it is important not to mix up your state variables with other kinds of variables within a component.

If you want to stay organized and help other developers understand the code – especially if they are new to the project – try using uppercase letters or some type of prefixing on your state names so they stand out from regular functions and variables, like so: `‘USESTATE_VARIABLE_NAME’``.

By avoiding these common errors with the React useState hook, you will be able save yourself time and trouble in the future

## FAQs

You might have a few questions about `useState` when starting out with React. Well, don't worry! Here are some of the most common questions you may have answered.

### Is useState async in React?

No, `useState` is not async in React. Essentially, `useState` is just a special function that allows you to store and access state information within your component. It's not actually doing anything beyond this basic task—no asynchronous operations are going on here.

### Does useState run every render?

Yes, `useState` does run every time the component re-renders. This means you should be careful to avoid any unnecessary re-renders from your component, as this could potentially cause performance issues.

### Can I have two useState?

Absolutely! In fact, it's recommend that you keep all your state related functionality within one component to avoid any confusion—this makes for a much more organized codebase in the long run.

Just remember that each `useState` call creates its own piece of state and should be treated independently from any other pieces of information stored in the component.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, React's useState hook is a great tool for managing both simple and complex state values in your React projects.

Though there are some caveats, with a solid understanding of the basics, useState can be used to create powerful user interfaces that are efficient, easily readable and maintainable.

As you become more comfortable with useState and React, you'll be able to utilize it more and more to create amazing apps.

So don't be afraid of useState, give it a try and you'll be surprised how quickly it becomes second nature.

A Guide to React useState for Beginners - 2023

Welcome to the ultimate guide to CSS margins and padding! If you're new to web development, you might be wondering, "what even are margins and padding, and why do they matter?" Well, fear not, because I'll break it all down for you in a simple way.

You see, margins and padding are both used to create space around elements on a web page. But, they work in slightly different ways and serve different purposes. Understanding the differences between these two concepts is crucial for creating visually appealing and user-friendly websites.

Throughout this lesson, we'll cover the basics of margins and padding, as well as dive into some more advanced concepts.

Post Summarised 👇

> Margin creates space outside of an element and is transparent, while padding creates space inside of an element and has a background color.

---

### What exactly are CSS Margins?

CSS margin is a way to **create space** around elements on a webpage. Imagine you have a puzzle with lots of different pieces. Each piece represents an element on your webpage, like a picture or a paragraph of text. The space around each puzzle piece is like the margin around each element on your webpage.

You can use CSS margin to make some elements on your webpage have more space around them, or to make other elements have less space. For example, if you have a really important picture on your webpage, you might want to give it a lot of margin so that it stands out more. Or, if you have a bunch of paragraphs of text that you want to keep close together, you might want to give them a smaller margin.

There are different properties of margin that you can use in CSS, like `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`, `margin-left`, and `margin-right`. These properties let you control the amount of margin on each side of an element.

Example:

```css

p {
  background: red; 
  margin: 20px; /* this wil add 20 pixel of maring around all sides of the paragraph elemnt*/
}

```

```css
p {
  margin: 20px;  /* Adds 20 pixels of margin around all sides of the paragraph element */
}

img {
  margin-top: 10px;  /* Adds 10 pixels of margin to the top of the img element */
  margin-bottom: 15px;  /* Adds 15 pixels of margin to the bottom of the img element */
}
```

Now you know the basics and what that exactly is, let's dive into Padding now.

### What exactly is CSS Padding?

CSS padding is just like the padding you might put **inside a box** to protect something delicate. On a webpage, padding is the space inside an element, between the element's content and its border.

Padding is a way to make elements on your webpage *bigger* or *smaller*. For example, if you have a button that you want to be really easy to press, you might want to give it a lot of padding so that it's big and easy to hit. Or, if you have a picture that you want to be really small and compact, you might want to give it a smaller amount of padding.

Just like with margin, there are different properties of padding that you can use in CSS, like padding-top, padding-bottom, padding-left, and padding-right. These properties let you control the amount of padding on each side of an element.

Example:

```css
button {
  padding: 10px;  /* Adds 10 pixels of padding around all sides of the element */
}


img {
  padding-left: 5px;  /* Adds will add 5 pixels of padding to the left side of the element */
  padding-right: 20px;  /* Adds 20 pixels of padding to the right side of the element */
}
```

### The Main Difference

Margin refers to the **space outside** of an element, while padding refers to the **space inside** of an element. They both create space around elements, but they work in different ways.

Margin affects the layout of a page by creating space outside of an element. This space is **transparent**, meaning that any elements behind it will still be visible. Example:

```css
.element {
  margin: 20px;
}
```

Above, we've applied a margin of 20 pixels to the `.element` class. This will create 20 pixels of space around the element on **all** sides. You can also specify different margin values for each side of the element using the following properties:

- `margin-top`
- `margin-right`
- `margin-bottom`
- `margin-left`

Padding, on the other hand, creates space inside of an element. This space is **not transparent**, meaning that it will have the same background color as the element itself. Example:

```css
.element {
  padding: 20px;
}
```

Above we've applied a padding of 20 pixels to the `.element` class. This will create 20 pixels of space around the content inside the element on all sides. Just like with margin, you can also specify different padding values for each side of the element using the following properties:

-   `padding-top`
-   `padding-right`
-   `padding-bottom`
-   `padding-left`


It's important to note that margins and padding can be applied to any element on a web page, including text, images, and even the body element itself. They can be used to create a wide range of layouts, from simple and clean to more complex and visually striking.

---

### How to use margin and padding together in CSS?

Margin and padding are two ways to create space around elements in CSS.  They can be used together to create complex and visually appealing layouts on web pages.

One common way to use margin and padding together is to create a **multi-column layout**. For example, let's say you want to create a three-column layout with equal-width columns and some space between the columns. Let's see how you can use margin and padding to do that? 

```css
.column {
  width: 33%;
  float: left;
  padding: 20px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.column + .column {
  margin-left: 20px;
}

```

Above we've applied a padding of 20 pixels to the `.column` class and a margin of 20 pixels to the `.column + .column` selector. This will create 20 pixels of space inside each column and 20 pixels of space between each column.

Another way to use margin and padding together is to create a CTA button with some space around it. Example:

```css
.button {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  margin: 20px;
  background-color: #ff0000;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: bold;
  border-radius: 5px;
}
```


Above we've applied a padding of 10 pixels on the top and bottom and 20 pixels on the left and right to the `.button` class, and a margin of 20 pixels on all sides. This will create some space around the button and make it stand out from the rest of the content on the page.

It's important to note that margins and padding can be applied to any element on a web page, and they can be used in a variety of different ways to create different effects. Experimenting with different combinations of margin and padding can help you create the desired layout for your web page.

### Takeaway

Margin and padding are both important tools in web development and are often used together to create visually appealing layouts on web pages. Understanding the differences between these two properties is crucial in order to effectively use them in your projects. 

Thank you for Reading | Share and Help others.

CSS Margin vs Padding: All Differences Explained! (2023)



If you're just starting to learn JavaScript, one fun and the practical project you can try is building a clock. In this tutorial, we'll be building a minimal and simple clock that displays the current time on a page. Not only will this give you a chance to practice your JavaScript skills, but it will also teach you about the `Date` object, which is an important tool for working with dates and times in JavaScript.

Let's get started.

---

### HTML and CSS

The first step in building our clock is to set up the basic structure of the webpage using HTML. We'll create a container for the clock and add a few basic styles using CSS to make the clock look presentable.

Here is the HTML code for our clock:

```html
<div id="clock">
  <div class="time">
    <span class="hours">00</span>:<span class="minutes">00</span>:<span class="seconds">00</span>
  </div>
</div>
```

This creates a `div` element with an ID of "**clock**" that contains another `div` element with the class "time". Inside the "time" `div`, we have three `span` elements for the *hours*, *minutes*, and *seconds*, each with a default value of "00".

Next, let's add some basic styles using CSS.

```css

#clock {
  font-size: 48px;
  color: #333;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px;
}
```

With this HTML and CSS in place, we now have a basic container for our clock. Next, we'll write the JavaScript code that will make the clock function.

---

### JavaScript

To make the clock display the current time, we'll need to use the `Date` object in JavaScript. The `Date` object represents a single point in time, and it has a number of methods for retrieving various pieces of information about the current date and time.

We'll start by writing a function that uses the `Date` object to extract the current *hour*, *minute*, and *second*, and displays these values on the webpage.

```js

function updateTime() {
  // Get the current date and time
  var now = new Date();

  // Extract the hours, minutes, and seconds from the date object
  var hours = now.getHours();
  var minutes = now.getMinutes();
  var seconds = now.getSeconds();

  // Add a leading zero to the hours, minutes, and seconds if they are less than 10
  if (hours < 10) hours = "0" + hours;
  if (minutes < 10) minutes = "0" + minutes;
  if (seconds < 10) seconds = "0" + seconds;

  // Update the clocks display
  document.querySelector(".hours").innerHTML = hours;
  document.querySelector(".minutes").innerHTML = minutes;
  document.querySelector(".seconds").innerHTML = seconds;
}
```

**What does the function does?**

- Creates a new `Date` object and stores it in the `now` variable.
- Extracts the hours, minutes, and seconds from the `Date` object using the `getHours()`, `getMinutes()`, and `getSeconds()` methods, respectively.
- Adds a leading zero to the hours, minutes, and seconds if they are less than 10, using an `if` statement and string concatenation.
- Updates the clock display by selecting the `.hours`, `.minutes`, and `.seconds` elements using the `querySelector()` method, and setting their `innerHTML` property to the current hour, minute, and second.

Now that we have coded the `updateTime()` function, we can call it to update the clock display whenever we want. To make the clock update automatically every second, we can use the `setInterval()` function, which calls a specified function at a specified interval (that is in milliseconds).

```js
setInterval(updateTime, 1000);
```

This above code calls the `updateTime()` function every every second (1000 is milliseconds above = 1 Second).

With this code in place, our simple JavaScript clock is now functioning! You can try it out by copying the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code into a file and opening it in a browser.

---

### Let's enhance our Clock

There are a few ways you can enhance the functionality of the clock. Here are a few tips:

- Add a digital or analog display: Instead of displaying the time as text, you could use an image or a set of `div` elements to create a digital or analog clock display.
- Add a **stopwatch** or timer: You could modify the clock to function as a stopwatch or timer by adding buttons to start, stop, and reset the clock. [With this functionality I'll come up with a detailed article]

Let's add digital display or I say design a little bit.

```css

#clock {
  font-size: 48px;
  color: #333;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  padding: 20px;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #eeeeee, #dddddd);
  box-shadow: 0  5px  10px  rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

#clock .display {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}

#clock .display > div {
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  background: #eee;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 5px;
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: bold;
}
```

With this tutorial above you can also refer to [this codepen](https://codepen.io/rahulbiz/pen/bGjpGBZ).


### Takeaway

In this tutorial, we learned how to build a simple **JavaScript clock** that displays the current time on a page. We covered the basics of HTML and CSS and learned how to use the `Date` object and the `setInterval()` function in JavaScript. We also looked at ways to enhance the clock, such as adding a digital or analog display and making the clock **update automatically**.

Building a JavaScript clock is a fun and practical way to practice your JavaScript skills, and it's a useful tool to have in your toolkit. I hope you enjoyed this tutorial, please share it with others and help them.

Building Clock through HTML, CSS and JS | Build&Learn


The majority of people require a method for tracking their monthly finances. A budget can make it easier to save money for your goals and give you the feeling that you have more control over your finances. Finding a method for tracking your finances that works for you is the tricky part. You can make a budget with the help of the steps below.

### Keep track of your income

It's important to keep track of your income and when it comes in. Work out the average amount if you aren't earning a regular income.

Identify every source of income, for example:

- The amount
- Where does it come from?
- What is the frequency (is it coming every week or every month or every year)?

There are many ways that you can earn this money, including through your wages, government benefits, or income from investments.

### Add up your expenses

A regular expense is an item that you must pay for in order to live - an item that is essential to your survival. Generally there are three type of expenses:

**Expenses that are Fixed**

- Bills for phones and utilities
- Family expenses(school fees, )
- Electricity, Gas Bills
- Food and groceries expense

**Unanticipated Expenses**

- Hospital expense
- Vehicle repairs
- Pet maintainance

Check your bank statements or bills to ensure you have recorded all your expenses. Make sure you include the reason, the amount, and the date you paid the expense.

Your list of transactions should be helpful if you keep track of your spending.

### Limit your spending

Spending and saving money are your leftover funds after expenses. It is essential to remember that your spending money is for 'wants', such as entertainment, and hobbies.

Decide how you plan to spend your spending money. Your spending limit will be easier to maintain if you can see where your money is going.

### Decide how much you want to save

Budgeting can help you reach your savings goals. Having a good idea of how much money you have for 'wants' will allow you to decide how much money you want to save.

You can protect yourself from unexpected expenses by saving some money. A regular savings plan can make a big difference, even if the amount is small.

### Spend less than you earn

You may need to adjust your budget as things change, so it's important to keep track of it.
Your savings goal may need to be changed if your expenses increase, for example.

Paying off debt or getting a raise might enable you to save more.

### Organize your budget

Separate bank accounts can make budgeting easier. Here are some options:
- For bills and expenses, a transaction account
- Spending account
- An account with a higher interest rate

Once your budget's set up, you can automatically transfer money from your checking account to your savings account on pay day. Direct debits are also a great way to pay your bills.

---

You may have read something similar on a blog, but you still want to learn more about budgeting. Do you know why you fail to budget?

### Why your budget is failing?

Budgeting frustrates many people because it never works. Their spending targets are never met.
or unexpected expenses exceed the budget. Or it appears to be a lot of work for little reward. I understand. I went there. However, if you adhere to a few guidelines, budgeting can be more beneficial and less stressful.

- It's too difficult. Budgets are frequently made more difficult than necessary by individuals. Usually, a normal and simple budget works better.

- It does not align with your beliefs. Personalize your budget to help you reach your objectives. You will struggle if you attempt to use someone else's budget.

- It doesn't tell the truth.Instead of basing your budget on some imagined ideal you, base it on your actual income and behavior.

- It appears to be a task. Don't let your action plan stifle your progress. Having a budget that works for you is your goal, so keep looking until you find one.

To conclude: A budget should be straightforward, easy to use, and reflect both your current circumstances and your goals for the future in order to reduce the likelihood of failure.

Thank you for reading.


How to make a Simple Budget? 5 Simple Steps

<p>Ever feel like life is moving faster and faster these days? I know I do. Have shared my thoughts on this.</p>
